What does removal of heavy metals mean in practice?
Metals can exist as ions, complexes or particles, therefore their chemical form determines the effectiveness of sorption, precipitation and membranes.
When does it matter?
One-size-fits-all media does not remove all metals equally, and pH and competing ions may cause earlier breakthrough.
Which solutions are related to it?
First, specific metals and their source are determined, then an adsorbent, ion-exchange resin, pH or RO adjustment and a control test plan are selected.